A FALÊNCIA DO ESTADO SOMALI E A PIRATARIA EM ÁGUAS INTERNACIONAIS: UMA ABORDAGEM ILUSTRADA A PARTIR DO FILME “CAPITÃO PHILLIPS”.

The Sanctuary of Lima is the oldest pilgrimage center of Rio Grande do Norte. Built on January 29, 1758, the little hermitage dedicated to Our Lady of the Impossibles, on the top of the Lima Mountain, in Patu, became an important point of convergence for pilgrims. From 1921 onwards, the sanctuary was handed over to the Holy Family Missionaries from the Netherlands who took responsibility for the restructuring of the sanctuary and for the guidance of devotional practices. The purpose of (...) this article is to understand the actions of devotional reform and the uses of the Sanctuary of Lima as a tourist attraction. From the records published in Catholic and lay newspapers, the analysis of the construction of representations about the religious space in the scope of the Diocese of Mossoró and the state public power was carried out. With this, one can perceive the confluence between the orientations of the devotional practices of the popular layers and the construction of an imagery discourse as attractive for tourists and pilgrims. (shrink)

The late 60s of the twentieth century, in Sergipe, was marked by the outbreak of a series of conflicts over land tenure and lack of work. In a period in which social movements were seen as subversive demonstrations, the struggle of the peasants of the region Cotinguiba was treated as a police matter, through repression and arrest of leaders. This article seeks to analyze the process of negotiation between the peasants of Sergipe Cotinguiba and the political and agrarian elites in (...) the land reform process institution in the state under the mediation of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Aracaju. This negotiation resulted in the creation of the Promotion of Sergipe Field Man and the formation of community farms under the supervision of the Metropolitan Archbishop of Aracaju, Dom Luciano Duarte. With this, it becomes possible to understand the actions of the clergy in the negotiation between peasants and landowners. (shrink)

Em 2019 o mundo se viu diante de um cenário desafiador, com a eclosão da pandemia do coronavírus e a implementação de políticas públicas voltadas para a reclusão da população. Diante disso, emergiu uma reorientação da prestação de serviços e das práticas de sociabilidades, inclusive, com forte impacto no âmbito religioso. Este artigo tem como escopo o uso da rede social Facebook no processo de informação e transmissão das celebrações em santuários católicos. Foram analisados os conteúdos de 92 santuários das (...) Filipinas, Polônia, Vaticano, Itália, França, Espanha, Portugal, Bósnia-Herzegovina, México, Venezuela, Argentina e Brasil. O mapeamento do amplo número de santuários virtuais resulta em usos variados das redes sociais nas transmissões de celebrações, com a construção de novas práticas romeiras e redefinição dos deslocamentos sagrados. (shrink)

ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze sociohistorically how the normative patterns of hegemonic masculinity produced impacts on men’s health/mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA qualitative study from a socio-historical perspective was conducted with 50 men based on an online survey. A semistructured form was applied. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse method, interpreted in the light of the context of epidemic disease and hegemonic masculinity.ResultsThe experience of the pandemic exposed the normative patterns of masculinities from (...) the consummation of acts representative of the pandemic context, which incited men to deny the existence of COVID-19 disease and to delay the understanding and adoption of measures to protect and control COVID-19. As a repercussion, men presented conflicts in the regulation of emotions; presented emotional suppression; were more reactive; felt threatened regarding the loss of the role of family provider, virility; and revealed a sense of invulnerability, added to the weakening of self-care.ConclusionThe discourse revealed that the men’s behaviors are consistent with the characteristics of hegemonic masculinity, but express signs of recognition that this behavior causes harm to themselves and their health. (shrink)

Alberto Magno foi o primeiro grande comentador de Aristóteles entre os cristãos. Em seu Prólogo à Ética a Nicômaco, defronta-se ele com a divisão da philosophia moralis em individual, econômica e política. Seus antecessores, porém, não faziam união entre os três ramos, enquanto Alberto, usando praticamente os mesmos argumentos e reinterpretando-os a seu modo, consegue recuperar a unidade da ética.

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar algunos aspectos vinculados a la interpretación de la ley humana y su causa final en el pensamiento del teólogo, f ilósofo y jurista Español Francisco Suárez (1548-1617). En algunos autores resulta indudable su pertenencia a un modo de pensar determinado. Ello se observa, por mencionar algunos ejemplos, en los casos de Alberto Magno y Tomás de Aquino —identiicados con la edad media—. Por el contrario otros autores, aún medievales, desarrollaron doctrinas que (...) se constituyeron en preludio de elaboraciones posteriores modernas. Por este motivo tales figuras resultan fuertemente vinculadas a al- gunas corrientes de pensamiento modernas. Aquí puede mencionarse a Escoto, Ockham y Marsilio de Padua. Esta claridad recientemente señalada no se observa en relación a Francisco Suárez quien aparece como un autor controvertido y considerado de transición, por lo menos temporalmente, entre edad media y moderna. Las discusiones actuales en torno a Suárez se deben a la inexistencia de un cierto consenso respecto al lugar que le corresponde a su doctrina, especialmente filosófico-política, entre las concepciones que caracterizan a los períodos antiguo-medieval y moderno. Por estos motivos esta investigación persigue def inir la ubicación del pensamiento suareciano, en relación al tema propuesto, y de acuerdo a lo que nuestro autor expone en su Tratado de la Ley. (shrink)

Neste artigo analisaremos como a filosofia de Charles Sanders Peirce influencia o pensamento de Karl-Otto Apel na elaboração da sua ética do discurso. Pretendemos mostrar que Apel compreende que Peirce elabora uma transformação da filosofia transcendental kantiana, substituindo o “eu penso” por um “eu argumento”, neste viés Peirce demonstrou a existência de um acordo mútuo intersubjetivo dentro da comunidade científica. Sendo que, este acordo é mediado pela linguagem, e se dá em função da garantia da verdade das proposições. Conclui-se que (...) Apel ver em Peirce a introdução de uma ética mínima que supera o solipsismo metódico, e se baseia na intersubjetividade, tornando possível um acordo mútuo, que mais tarde será a base para a fundamentação pragmático-transcendental da ética do discurso. (shrink)

Bernard Suits’ account of play as an autotelic activity has been greatly influential in the philosophy of sport. Suits borrows the notion of ‘autotelicity’ from Aristotle’s ethics, formulating diff...

The text deals with the concept of representation in its relation to the concept and sovereignty, in Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679). The work studied is Leviathan, of 1651. The research presents that sovereignty is founded through the original legal act, which establishes an artificial person to represent everyone. This artificial thing is the State. The political society, however, is different from its government, although they are functionally the same.

The design of the bronchial tree has largely been proposed as a model of optimal design from a physical-functional perspective. However, the distributive function of the airway may be more related to a geometrical than a physical problem. The bronchial tree must distribute a three dimensional volume of inspired air on a two dimensional alveolar surface, included in a limited volume. It is thus valid to ask whether an optimal bronchial tree from a physical perspective is also optimum from a (...) geometrical point of view. In this paper we generate a simple geometric model for the branching pattern of the bronchial tree, deducing relationships that permit estimation of the departures from the geometrical optimum of each bifurcation. We also, for comparative purposes, estimate the departures from the physical optimum. From the geometrical assumptions: i) a symmetrical dichotomic fractal design, ii) with minimum volume and iii) maximum dispersion of the terminal points; and several simulations we suggest that the optimality is characterized by a bifurcation angle Θ ∼ 60° and a length reduction scale γ = (1/2)1/3 = 0.7937. We propose distances from the physical and geometrical optimality defined as Euclidean distances from the expected optima. We show how the advanced relationships and the distances can be used to estimate departures from the optimality in bronchographs of four species. We found lower physical and geometrical departures in the distal zone than those of the proximal zones, as well as lower physical than geometrical departures from optimality. (shrink)

Creating effective teamwork between humans and robots involves not only addressing their performance as a team but also sustaining the quality and sense of unity among teammates, also known as cohesion. This paper explores the research problem of: how can we endow robotic teammates with social capabilities to improve the cohesive alliance with humans? By defining the concept of a human–robot cohesive alliance in the light of the multidimensional construct of cohesion from the social sciences, we propose to address this (...) problem through the idea of multifaceted human–robot cohesion. We present our preliminary effort from previous works to examine each of the five dimensions of cohesion: social, collective, emotional, structural, and task. We finish the paper with a discussion on how human–robot cohesion contributes to the key questions and ongoing challenges of creating robotic teammates. Overall, cohesion in human–robot teams might be a key factor to propel team performance and it should be considered in the design, development, and evaluation of robotic teammates. (shrink)

A common objection to the use of balancing tests in human rights adjudication is that it is not possible to perform a quantitative comparison between gains and losses for rights or the public good by means only of rational criteria. Here I provide a general account of the incommensurability objection, with the aim of making explicit its scope, and of dispelling some common misconceptions surrounding it. Relying on this account, I engage with recent defences of balancing against the incommensurability objection.

El sustantivo πραπίς / πραπίδες presenta diversos usos en los poemas homéricos, de acuerdo con diferentes campos semánticos que van desde lo anatómico a lo cognoscitivo. Desde la Antigüedad se intentó clarificar el sentido básico del término, equiparándolo con los distintos campos semánticos que comprende el sustantivo φρήν / φρένες. El término no aparece nunca en singular en los poemas homéricos sino siempre en plural.. Este trabajo pretende clarificar, en general, la significación del término y, en particular, el sentido que (...) adquiere cuando es empleado en singular, apelando tanto al recurso de reconstrucción de una hipotética raíz indoeuropea como a conceptos de la teoría cognitiva-prototípica como los de conceptualización, metonimización, metaforización y modelización. The word πραπίς / πραπίδες has diverse uses in the Homeric poems according to different semantic fields going from the anatomical to the cognitive. Since antiquity it has been tried to explain the proper sense of the term comparing it with the diverse semantic fields that present the word φρήν / φρένες. The term does never appear in its singular form in the Homeric poems but always in its plural form. The purpose of this work is to explain the meaning of the term in general, and in particular, the sense of the term in singular number, appealing both to device of a hypothetical reconstruction of Indo-European root as notions of the cognitive-prototype theory such as conceptualization, metonymization, metaphorization and modeling. (shrink)

El objetivo de este estudio se plantea, en términos de filosofía jurídica, la siguiente cuestión: ¿como debería reaccionar nuestro sistema judicial ante la presencia de otros sistemas regulativos obligatorios para grupos sociales distintos de la mayoria? Previamente el articulo erige un concepto viable de pluralismo cultural evitando los reduccionismos subyacentes: el reduccionismo que identifica pluralismo cultural con el impacto de corrientes migratorias en la unión europea; el reduccionismo que deriva del mantenimiento de la imposibilidad de existencia de derechos de grupo; (...) el reduccionismo que considera patológica la diversidad; el reduccionismo que equipara el pluralismo cultural con el pluralismo de valores; etc. Se llega así a la conclusión de que, en primer lugar, la cultura es conflicto, de juicio, y en segundo lugar, que la búsqueda de "una identidad cultural propia" es un proyecto sin pretensiones. La parte final de este análisis explicita el problema en la unión europea y enfrenta las relaciones entre pluralismo y relativismo desde el punto de vista de la teoría de los derechos humanos. (shrink)

Los discursos del odio atacan la dignidad de los integrantes de colectivos históricamente desfavorecidos y fomentan su discriminación y deshumanización, razón por la cual los poderes públicos se han ido dotando de mecanismos para combatirlo. Pero no hay unidad de acción a nivel global, pues su restricción exige revisar los límites a la libertad de expresión. Así, mientras en Estados Unidos los tribunales reconocen la primacía de esta libertad, en Europa se incrementa el recurso a la vía penal. Pero ambos (...) sistemas tienen deficiencias, sobre todo porque no se centran en el resarcimiento del daño causado. De ahí que pueda analizarse una tercera opción, la civil, partiendo de la ya consolidada doctrina sobre daños morales. (shrink)

La teoría discursiva afirma que la razón que la tradición filosófica ha concebido ante todo como razón moral y como razón política puede ser reformulada con una racionalidad práctico-comunicativa que está incorporada en los procesos de diálogo y en los procedimientos argumentativos. El artículo indaga en la propuesta habermasiana de la transformación de la razón práctica. En la parte central se analizan además los conceptos básicos de la formulación del principio del discurso, entendido como un principio general de justificación fundado (...) en la racionalidad comunicativa. Finalmente se extraen algunas consideraciones sobre las modulaciones del uso público de la razón práctica. (shrink)

This is a working paper, a discussion on the meaning that L. Polo gives to "synderesis". Starting from this notion, the transcendental and practical dimensions of the «I» are developed and explored.

In this paper, I would like to presente the hierarchy of goods, supported by Aristotle in his ethical treaties and in Politics, as the solution to the impasse between two conceptions of virtue that come into open conflict in some of the main Platonic dialogues: virtue as sovereignity and self-sufficiency of the wise, such as that which opposes the insufficiency of addiction, and virtue as capacity ans achievement, as that which opposes to incapacity and to debility. I intend to show (...) that Aristotle “saves” the aristocratic conception of virtue in the same extent that he defends pratical truth Against logical rigorismo, without, however, failing to incorporate the Platonic objection to an instrumental conception of virtue that sees it as a means for obtaining wealth and power. (shrink)

Analizo en este trabajo el alcance real de la idea de "espíritu del pueblo" en el pensamiento jurídico de F. C. v. Savigny. Sugiero la posibilidad de que las apelaciones al espíritu del pueblo no sean más que una pantalla retórica que encubre una opción de fondo por una visión lógico-sistemática (y ahistórica) del Derecho, en la que jugaría un papel importante la idealización del Derecho romano en cuanto ratio scripta.

One of the most striking features observed throughout tropical agricultural frontiers is the extreme variability in land-use strategies from one farmer to the next. This article analyzes the forest conversion process and predominant land uses associated with smallholder settlement expansion in the Amazon frontier. The discussion seeks to increase understanding of the micro and macro-level forces that propel land-use decisions in the Amazon and offer insights about how farmers' land-use decisions may be altered to bring about forms of resource use (...) that are consistent with the constraints and opportunities of the frontier environment. Recognizing that no frontier area can be truly representative of the Amazon as a whole, this article also introduces some detailed evidence from another Amazon country (Ecuador) within a topic that has been previously dominated by research mainly in Brazil. The analysis suggests that to be effective, any policy or technology-based effort on the part of governments or researchers to alter colonist land-use systems must begin to look systematically at the production systems of agricultural colonist populations already present in frontier environments. This knowledge is essential to understand the social and economic factors affecting present land use and choice of technology. It is also important for understanding factors influencing farmers' demand for more optimal systems of land use that are consistent with varying agroecological potentials, demographic situations, and the management capacity of the farmer. (shrink)

In seiner Vorlesung "Uber das Willentliche und das Unwillentliche" unternimmt Suarez, der als Autor der Fruhen Neuzeit in seinem Werk wie nur wenige andere Autoren seiner Zeit die mittelalterliche Philosophie und Theologie systematisch aufnimmt und neu verarbeitet, den Versuch, die Willenstheorien der Patristik, der Hochscholastik und der fruhneuzeitlichen Aristotelesrezeption miteinander zu verknupfen. Das Werk entstammt einer Vorlesungsreihe, die Suarez zwischen 1578 und 1585 am Collegium Romanum auf Einladung von Papst Gregor XIII. abhielt. In der Diskussion der Willensfreiheit, der Rolle von (...) Zwang oder Gewalt und den verschiedenen Arten des Willentlichen legt Suarez den Grundstein fur seine spatere Moralphilosophie. (shrink)

Historians of ideas have, frequently, misunderstood the founders of liberalism. Often, they say that authors like Adam Smith or Turgot are inconsistent in their adherence to a supposed .principle of state non-intervention., since they find that those classic authors defend many examples of public intervention in the economy. But the truth is that none of the great economists, whether French or British, have ever professed such an absurd principle as that of non-intervention. They have, however, defended vigorously other rival principles, (...) such as the state.s defence of natural rights, public utility or laisser-faire, which should not be confused with non-intervention. (shrink)

Pendant l’ete de 1928 Heidegger a offert un seminaire sur le troisieme livre de la Physique d’Aristote et donc sur l’explication aristotelicienne de la nature du mouvement. La derniere seance de ce cours, qui eut lieu le 25 juillet, est d’une grande importance parce que c’est a cette occasion que Heidegger va au livre neuf de la Metaphysique pour essayer de comprendre la notion ontologique qui est a la base de l’interpretation aristotelicienne du mouvement : l’energeia. Mais dans les protocoles (...) de ce seminaire qui se trouvent parmi les papiers de Heidegger et qui ont ete publies recemment dans le volume 83 de la Gesamtausgabe, la seance du 25 juillet se trouve absente. Ce fait a conduit l’editeur a conclure que le seminaire avait pris fin le 23 juillet, sans s’apercevoir donc que la conclusion du seminaire manquait. Il existe heureusement une transcription preservee parmi les papiers de l’etudiante de Heidegger, Helene Weiss, et accessible aujourd’hui dans les archives de l’universite de Stanford. Cette transcription montre que la derniere session eut bien lieu le 25 juillet et nous offre la lecture heideggerienne de Metaphysique IX qui ne se trouve pas dans la version de la Gesamtausgabe. C’est dans le contexte de cette lecture que Heidegger fait la declaration etonnante qui nous concerne ici : ≪Dans la derniere instance, la Metaphysique Θ revient a Platon ; la priorite de l’energeia est fondamentalement la meme chose que l’epekeina des Idees. ≫La première tâche que je me propose ici sera d’expliquer cette déclaration qui suggère une relation tres etroite, ou meme une identite, entre la notion aristotelicienne de l’energeia comme ayant une priorite vis‑a‑vis de la dunamis et la notion platonicienne de l’Idee du Bien comme etant epekeina de l’ousia. Pour cette explication je ferai appel non seulement au contexte du seminaire de 1928, mais aussi aux textes plus tardifs comme les Beitrage et les cours sur Nietzsche dans lesquels Heidegger semble presupposer et développer sa déclaration de 1928. Ma seconde tâche sera de comparer cette thèse heideggerienne a la tentative de Gadamer de surmonter l’opposition traditionnelle entre les ontologies de Platon et d’Aristote en faisant appel a l’idee du bien chez les deux. Cette tentative se trouve dans le texte Die Idee des Guten zwischen Plato und Aristoteles. La comparaison que j’entreprends ici va montrer certaines affinites entre les interpretations de l’Idee du Bien chez Heidegger et Gadamer, mais aussi de profondes differences qui vont determiner leurs differents projets philosophiques. (shrink)